Spring Cloud Alibaba

微服务架构整体方案 ┌─────────────┐ │ Nacos │ ← 服务注册、配置中心 └─────────────┘ ↓ ┌─────────────┐ │ Gateway │ ← 网关（Sentinel限流） └─────────────┘ ↓ ┌─────────────┐ │ 订单服务 │ ← Sentinel流控、熔断 └─────────────┘ ↓ ┌─────────────┐ │ 商品服务 │ ← Sentinel流控、熔断 └─────────────┘ 完整依赖配置 <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId> <version>2022.0.0.0</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies>  <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> Nacos + Sentinel配置 spring: application: name: order-service cloud: # Nacos配置 nacos: discovery: server-addr: localhost:8848 namespace: dev config: server-addr: localhost:8848 namespace: dev file-extension: yml # Sentinel配置 sentinel: transport: dashboard: localhost:8080 datasource: flow: nacos: server-addr: localhost:8848 dataId: ${spring.application.name}-flow-rules groupId: SENTINEL_GROUP rule-type: flow namespace: dev degrade: nacos: server-addr: localhost:8848 dataId: ${spring.application.name}-degrade-rules groupId: SENTINEL_GROUP rule-type: degrade namespace: dev # Feign配置 feign: sentinel: enabled: true client: config: default: connectTimeout: 5000 readTimeout: 5000 服务间调用保护订单服务调用商品服务 @FeignClient( name = "product-service", fallback = ProductServiceFallback.class, fallbackFactory = ProductServiceFallbackFactory.class ) public interface ProductService { @GetMapping("/product/{id}") Product getProduct(@PathVariable Long id); } // Fallback实现 @Component public class ProductServiceFallback implements ProductService { @Override public Product getProduct(Long id) { return Product.builder() .id(id) .name("商品服务暂时不可用") .price(0.0) .build(); } } // FallbackFactory（可以获取异常信息） @Component public class ProductServiceFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<ProductService> { @Override public ProductService create(Throwable cause) { return new ProductService() { @Override public Product getProduct(Long id) { log.error("调用商品服务失败：{}", cause.getMessage()); return Product.builder() .id(id) .name("商品服务异常：" + cause.getMessage()) .build(); } }; } } 链路限流场景：多个接口调用同一个服务 @Service public class OrderService { @Autowired private ProductService productService; // 接口1：创建订单 @SentinelResource(value = "createOrder") public Order createOrder(Long productId) { // 调用商品服务 getProductInfo(productId); return new Order(); } // 接口2：查询订单 @SentinelResource(value = "queryOrder") public Order queryOrder(Long orderId) { Order order = orderDao.findById(orderId); // 调用商品服务 getProductInfo(order.getProductId()); return order; } // 公共方法：获取商品信息 @SentinelResource(value = "getProductInfo", blockHandler = "handleBlock") private Product getProductInfo(Long productId) { return productService.getProduct(productId); } private Product handleBlock(Long productId, BlockException ex) { return Product.builder().id(productId).name("商品信息获取受限").build(); } } 配置链路限流 FlowRule rule = new FlowRule(); rule.setResource("getProductInfo"); rule.setGrade(RuleConstant.FLOW_GRADE_QPS); rule.setCount(100); rule.setStrategy(RuleConstant.STRATEGY_CHAIN); rule.setRefResource("createOrder"); // 只对createOrder链路限流 FlowRuleManager.loadRules(Collections.singletonList(rule)); 服务熔断配置 # 在Nacos中配置 # order-service-degrade-rules [ { "resource": "product-service", "grade": 0, "count": 1000, "timeWindow": 10, "minRequestAmount": 5, "statIntervalMs": 10000, "slowRatioThreshold": 0.5 }, { "resource": "inventory-service", "grade": 1, "count": 0.3, "timeWindow": 10, "minRequestAmount": 5, "statIntervalMs": 10000 } ] Gateway集成 spring: cloud: gateway: routes: - id: order-service uri: lb://order-service predicates: - Path=/api/order/** filters: - StripPrefix=2 sentinel: filter: enabled: false # 禁用默认过滤器 scg: fallback: mode: response response-status: 429 response-body: '{"code":429,"message":"请求过于频繁"}' 监控集成暴露监控端点 management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: '*' endpoint: sentinel: enabled: true Prometheus集成 <dependency> <groupId>io.micrometer</groupId> <artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId> </dependency> @Configuration public class SentinelMetricsConfig { @PostConstruct public void init() { // 启用Sentinel指标导出 MetricRegistry.getMetricRegistry() .addMetricProvider(new SentinelMetricProvider()); } } 完整微服务实战订单服务 @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableFeignClients public class OrderServiceApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderServiceApplication.class, args); } } @RestController @RequestMapping("/order") public class OrderController { @Autowired private OrderService orderService; @PostMapping("/create") @SentinelResource(value = "orderCreateApi", blockHandler = "handleBlock") public Result createOrder(@RequestBody OrderDTO dto) { Order order = orderService.createOrder(dto); return Result.success(order); } public Result handleBlock(OrderDTO dto, BlockException ex) { return Result.error(429, "订单创建繁忙"); } } @Service public class OrderService { @Autowired private ProductService productService; @Autowired private InventoryService inventoryService; @SentinelResource(value = "createOrder", fallback = "handleFallback") @Transactional public Order createOrder(OrderDTO dto) { // 1. 检查商品 Product product = productService.getProduct(dto.getProductId()); // 2. 检查库存 boolean hasStock = inventoryService.checkStock(dto.getProductId(), dto.getQuantity()); if (!hasStock) { throw new BusinessException("库存不足"); } // 3. 扣减库存 inventoryService.deductStock(dto.getProductId(), dto.getQuantity()); // 4. 创建订单 Order order = new Order(); order.setProductId(product.getId()); order.setQuantity(dto.getQuantity()); order.setAmount(product.getPrice() * dto.getQuantity()); return orderDao.save(order); } public Order handleFallback(OrderDTO dto, Throwable ex) { log.error("订单创建失败", ex); throw new BusinessException("系统繁忙，请稍后重试"); } } 总结 Spring Cloud Alibaba + Sentinel集成要点： ...