自定义限流

自定义限流响应 方式1：自定义BlockExceptionHandler @Component public class CustomGatewayBlockHandler implements BlockRequestHandler { @Override public Mono<ServerResponse> handleRequest(ServerWebExchange exchange, Throwable ex) { Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>(); result.put("code", 429); result.put("message", "请求过于频繁，请稍后重试"); result.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis()); if (ex instanceof FlowException) { result.put("reason", "触发限流"); } else if (ex instanceof DegradeException) { result.put("reason", "触发熔断"); } return ServerResponse .status(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS) .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .bodyValue(result); } } @Configuration public class GatewayConfig { @PostConstruct public void init() { GatewayCallbackManager.setBlockHandler(new CustomGatewayBlockHandler()); } } 方式2：根据路由返回不同响应 @Component public class RouteBasedBlockHandler implements BlockRequestHandler { @Override public Mono<ServerResponse> handleRequest(ServerWebExchange exchange, Throwable ex) { String routeId = exchange.getAttribute(ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR) .toString(); Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>(); result.put("code", 429); // 根据不同路由返回不同消息 if ("order-service".equals(routeId)) { result.put("message", "订单服务繁忙，请稍后重试"); } else if ("product-service".equals(routeId)) { result.put("message", "商品服务繁忙，请稍后重试"); } else { result.put("message", "服务繁忙，请稍后重试"); } return ServerResponse.status(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS) .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .bodyValue(result); } } 自定义限流算法 实现KeyResolver // 1. 基于IP的限流 @Component public class IpKeyResolver implements KeyResolver { @Override public Mono<String> resolve(ServerWebExchange exchange) { return Mono.just( exchange.getRequest().getRemoteAddress() .getAddress().getHostAddress() ); } } // 2. 基于用户ID的限流 @Component public class UserKeyResolver implements KeyResolver { @Override public Mono<String> resolve(ServerWebExchange exchange) { return Mono.just( exchange.getRequest().getHeaders() .getFirst("X-User-Id") ); } } // 3. 基于API Key的限流 @Component public class ApiKeyResolver implements KeyResolver { @Override public Mono<String> resolve(ServerWebExchange exchange) { return Mono.just( exchange.getRequest().getHeaders() .getFirst("X-API-Key") ); } } 配置使用 @Configuration public class GatewayRateLimiterConfig { @Bean public KeyResolver ipKeyResolver() { return new IpKeyResolver(); } @Bean public KeyResolver userKeyResolver() { return new UserKeyResolver(); } } // 在路由中使用 @Bean public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) { return builder.routes() .route("order-service", r -> r.path("/api/order/**") .filters(f -> f .stripPrefix(2) .requestRateLimiter(c -> c .setRateLimiter(redisRateLimiter()) .setKeyResolver(ipKeyResolver()) ) ) .uri("lb://order-service")) .build(); } 自定义过滤器 实现全局限流过滤器 @Component @Order(-1) public class GlobalRateLimitFilter implements GlobalFilter { private final RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate; @Override public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) { String ip = exchange.getRequest().getRemoteAddress() .getAddress().getHostAddress(); String key = "rate_limit:" + ip; Long count = redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key); if (count == 1) { redisTemplate.expire(key, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } if (count > 100) { // 限流100 QPS exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS); return exchange.getResponse().setComplete(); } return chain.filter(exchange); } } 实现黑名单过滤器 @Component @Order(-2) public class BlackListFilter implements GlobalFilter { private final Set<String> blackList = new ConcurrentHashSet<>(); @PostConstruct public void init() { // 从Redis或数据库加载黑名单 blackList.add("192.168.1.100"); blackList.add("192.168.1.101"); } @Override public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) { String ip = exchange.getRequest().getRemoteAddress() .getAddress().getHostAddress(); if (blackList.contains(ip)) { exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN); return exchange.getResponse().setComplete(); } return chain.filter(exchange); } public void addToBlackList(String ip) { blackList.add(ip); } public void removeFromBlackList(String ip) { blackList.remove(ip); } } 动态路由 基于Nacos的动态路由 @Component public class DynamicRouteService implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware { @Autowired private RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter; private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher; @Override public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) { this.publisher = applicationEventPublisher; } public void add(RouteDefinition definition) { routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(definition)).subscribe(); this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this)); } public void update(RouteDefinition definition) { try { this.routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(definition.getId())); } catch (Exception e) { // ignore } routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(definition)).subscribe(); this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this)); } public void delete(String id) { this.routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(id)).subscribe(); this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this)); } } @Component public class NacosRouteListener { @Autowired private DynamicRouteService dynamicRouteService; @Autowired private NacosConfigManager nacosConfigManager; @PostConstruct public void init() throws Exception { String dataId = "gateway-routes"; String group = "DEFAULT_GROUP"; nacosConfigManager.getConfigService().addListener(dataId, group, new Listener() { @Override public void receiveConfigInfo(String configInfo) { // 解析路由配置并更新 List<RouteDefinition> routes = JSON.parseArray(configInfo, RouteDefinition.class); routes.forEach(dynamicRouteService::update); } @Override public Executor getExecutor() { return null; } }); } } 完整实战案例 @Configuration public class GatewayAdvancedConfig { // 1. 自定义限流响应 @PostConstruct public void initBlockHandler() { GatewayCallbackManager.setBlockHandler(new CustomGatewayBlockHandler()); } // 2. 配置限流规则 @PostConstruct public void initGatewayRules() { Set<GatewayFlowRule> rules = new HashSet<>(); // 订单服务：QPS 1000 + Warm Up GatewayFlowRule orderRule = new GatewayFlowRule("order-service") .setCount(1000) .setControlBehavior(RuleConstant.CONTROL_BEHAVIOR_WARM_UP) .setWarmUpPeriodSec(60); rules.add(orderRule); // 商品服务：QPS 2000 GatewayFlowRule productRule = new GatewayFlowRule("product-service") .setCount(2000); rules.add(productRule); // 秒杀API：QPS 5000 GatewayFlowRule seckillRule = new GatewayFlowRule("seckill_api") .setResourceMode(SentinelGatewayConstants.RESOURCE_MODE_CUSTOM_API_NAME) .setCount(5000); rules.add(seckillRule); GatewayRuleManager.loadRules(rules); } // 3. 配置API分组 @PostConstruct public void initCustomizedApis() { Set<ApiDefinition> definitions = new HashSet<>(); // 秒杀API分组 ApiDefinition seckillApi = new ApiDefinition("seckill_api") .setPredicateItems(new HashSet<ApiPredicateItem>() {{ add(new ApiPathPredicateItem().setPattern("/api/seckill/**") .setMatchStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.URL_MATCH_STRATEGY_PREFIX)); }}); definitions.add(seckillApi); GatewayApiDefinitionManager.loadApiDefinitions(definitions); } } 总结 Gateway高级特性： ...