OMS核心概念与数据模型：打牢订单管理的基础

{
  "line_id": "LINE001",
  "order_id": "ORD20251122001",
  "sku": "MACBOOK-PRO-14",
  "product_name": "MacBook Pro 14寸",
  "quantity": 1,
  "unit_price": 14999.00,
  "discount": 0.00,
  "tax": 0.00,
  "subtotal": 14999.00,
  "warehouse": "SHA",
  "status": "PENDING_SHIP"
}

public enum OrderStatus {
    CREATED,
    PENDING_PAYMENT,
    PAID,
    APPROVED,
    PENDING_ALLOCATE,
    PENDING_SHIP,
    SHIPPED,
    IN_TRANSIT,
    DELIVERED,
    COMPLETED,
    CANCELLED
}

public class OrderService {
    public void changeStatus(Order order, OrderStatus targetStatus) {
        OrderStatus currentStatus = order.getStatus();

        switch (currentStatus) {
            case CREATED:
                if (targetStatus == OrderStatus.PENDING_PAYMENT) {
                    // 允许转换
                    order.setStatus(targetStatus);
                } else {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid state transition");
                }
                break;
            case PENDING_PAYMENT:
                if (targetStatus == OrderStatus.PAID || targetStatus == OrderStatus.CANCELLED) {
                    order.setStatus(targetStatus);
                } else {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid state transition");
                }
                break;
            // ... 其他状态
        }
    }
}

public interface OrderState {
    void pay(OrderContext context);
    void approve(OrderContext context);
    void ship(OrderContext context);
    void cancel(OrderContext context);
}

public class PendingPaymentState implements OrderState {
    @Override
    public void pay(OrderContext context) {
        // 支付成功，转换到PAID状态
        context.setState(new PaidState());
        // 执行库存预占等业务逻辑
        context.reserveInventory();
    }

    @Override
    public void cancel(OrderContext context) {
        // 取消订单，转换到CANCELLED状态
        context.setState(new CancelledState());
    }

    @Override
    public void approve(OrderContext context) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot approve before payment");
    }

    @Override
    public void ship(OrderContext context) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot ship before payment");
    }
}

public class OrderContext {
    private OrderState state;
    private Order order;

    public void pay() {
        state.pay(this);
    }

    public void setState(OrderState state) {
        this.state = state;
        this.order.setStatus(state.getStatus());
    }
}

CREATE TABLE t_order (
    -- 主键
    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    order_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL UNIQUE COMMENT '订单号',

    -- 渠道信息
    channel VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '渠道：taobao/jd/shopify',
    channel_order_id VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '渠道订单号',
    shop_id VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '店铺ID',

    -- 客户信息
    buyer_id VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '买家ID',
    buyer_name VARCHAR(128) COMMENT '买家姓名',
    buyer_phone VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '买家手机',
    buyer_email VARCHAR(128) COMMENT '买家邮箱',

    -- 收货地址
    receiver_name VARCHAR(128) COMMENT '收货人',
    receiver_phone VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '收货电话',
    receiver_province VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '省份',
    receiver_city VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '城市',
    receiver_district VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '区县',
    receiver_address VARCHAR(512) COMMENT '详细地址',
    receiver_postcode VARCHAR(16) COMMENT '邮编',

    -- 金额信息
    total_amount DECIMAL(12,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单总金额',
    discount_amount DECIMAL(12,2) DEFAULT 0.00 COMMENT '优惠金额',
    shipping_fee DECIMAL(12,2) DEFAULT 0.00 COMMENT '运费',
    tax_amount DECIMAL(12,2) DEFAULT 0.00 COMMENT '税费',
    paid_amount DECIMAL(12,2) COMMENT '实付金额',

    -- 订单状态
    status VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单状态',
    sub_status VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '子状态',

    -- 业务信息
    order_type VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '订单类型：normal/presale/gift',
    payment_method VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '支付方式',
    payment_time DATETIME COMMENT '支付时间',

    -- 履约信息
    warehouse_code VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '分配仓库',
    carrier_code VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '物流公司',
    tracking_number VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '运单号',
    shipped_time DATETIME COMMENT '发货时间',
    delivered_time DATETIME COMMENT '签收时间',

    -- 备注
    buyer_message VARCHAR(512) COMMENT '买家留言',
    seller_memo VARCHAR(512) COMMENT '卖家备注',

    -- 父子订单关系
    parent_order_id VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '父订单号（拆分场景）',
    is_split TINYINT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '是否已拆分：0否1是',

    -- 时间戳
    created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    -- 索引
    INDEX idx_channel_order_id (channel, channel_order_id),
    INDEX idx_buyer_id (buyer_id),
    INDEX idx_status (status),
    INDEX idx_created_at (created_at),
    INDEX idx_parent_order_id (parent_order_id)
) COMMENT='订单主表';

CREATE TABLE t_order_item (
    -- 主键
    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    item_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL UNIQUE COMMENT '订单行ID',
    order_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单号',

    -- 商品信息
    sku VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL COMMENT 'SKU编码',
    product_id VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '商品ID',
    product_name VARCHAR(256) COMMENT '商品名称',
    product_image VARCHAR(512) COMMENT '商品图片',

    -- 规格信息
    spec_desc VARCHAR(256) COMMENT '规格描述：颜色/尺寸',
    barcode VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '商品条码',

    -- 数量与价格
    quantity INT NOT NULL COMMENT '购买数量',
    unit_price DECIMAL(12,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '单价',
    discount_amount DECIMAL(12,2) DEFAULT 0.00 COMMENT '优惠金额',
    tax_amount DECIMAL(12,2) DEFAULT 0.00 COMMENT '税费',
    subtotal DECIMAL(12,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '小计',

    -- 履约信息
    warehouse_code VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '分配仓库',
    location_code VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '库位编码',

    -- 状态
    status VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单行状态',

    -- 时间戳
    created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    -- 索引
    INDEX idx_order_id (order_id),
    INDEX idx_sku (sku),
    INDEX idx_status (status)
) COMMENT='订单明细表';

CREATE TABLE t_order_status_history (
    -- 主键
    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    order_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单号',

    -- 状态变更
    from_status VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '变更前状态',
    to_status VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '变更后状态',

    -- 变更原因
    reason VARCHAR(512) COMMENT '变更原因',
    operator VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '操作人',
    operator_type VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '操作类型：system/user',

    -- 时间戳
    created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    -- 索引
    INDEX idx_order_id (order_id),
    INDEX idx_created_at (created_at)
) COMMENT='订单状态流转记录表';

CREATE TABLE t_order_extra (
    -- 主键
    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    order_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL UNIQUE COMMENT '订单号',

    -- JSON格式存储扩展信息
    extra_data JSON COMMENT '扩展信息',

    -- 常用扩展字段（也可以放在JSON中）
    coupon_code VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '优惠券编码',
    promotion_id VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '促销活动ID',
    member_level VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '会员等级',
    points_used INT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '使用积分',

    -- 时间戳
    created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) COMMENT='订单扩展信息表';

CREATE TABLE t_order_log (
    -- 主键
    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    order_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单号',

    -- 日志信息
    log_type VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '日志类型：API调用/状态变更/异常',
    log_level VARCHAR(16) COMMENT '日志级别：INFO/WARN/ERROR',
    message TEXT COMMENT '日志内容',

    -- 操作信息
    operator VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '操作人',
    ip_address VARCHAR(64) COMMENT 'IP地址',

    -- 时间戳
    created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    -- 索引
    INDEX idx_order_id (order_id),
    INDEX idx_log_type (log_type),
    INDEX idx_created_at (created_at)
) COMMENT='订单日志表';

public class OrderIdGenerator {
    private static final String PREFIX = "ORD";
    private static final SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();

    public static String generate() {
        // 时间戳部分：YYYYMMDDHHmmss
        String timestamp = LocalDateTime.now()
            .format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMddHHmmss"));

        // 随机数部分：6位
        int randomNum = random.nextInt(900000) + 100000; // 100000-999999

        return PREFIX + timestamp + randomNum;
    }
}

public class SnowflakeOrderIdGenerator {
    // 起始时间戳（2025-01-01 00:00:00）
    private static final long START_TIMESTAMP = 1735660800000L;

    // 机器ID位数
    private static final long WORKER_ID_BITS = 10L;
    // 序列号位数
    private static final long SEQUENCE_BITS = 12L;

    // 最大机器ID
    private static final long MAX_WORKER_ID = ~(-1L << WORKER_ID_BITS);
    // 最大序列号
    private static final long MAX_SEQUENCE = ~(-1L << SEQUENCE_BITS);

    // 时间戳左移位数
    private static final long TIMESTAMP_SHIFT = WORKER_ID_BITS + SEQUENCE_BITS;
    // 机器ID左移位数
    private static final long WORKER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS;

    private final long workerId;
    private long sequence = 0L;
    private long lastTimestamp = -1L;

    public SnowflakeOrderIdGenerator(long workerId) {
        if (workerId > MAX_WORKER_ID || workerId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Worker ID out of range");
        }
        this.workerId = workerId;
    }

    public synchronized long generateId() {
        long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // 时钟回拨检测
        if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Clock moved backwards");
        }

        // 同一毫秒内，序列号递增
        if (timestamp == lastTimestamp) {
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & MAX_SEQUENCE;
            // 序列号溢出，等待下一毫秒
            if (sequence == 0) {
                timestamp = waitNextMillis(timestamp);
            }
        } else {
            // 新的毫秒，序列号重置为0
            sequence = 0L;
        }

        lastTimestamp = timestamp;

        // 拼接ID
        return ((timestamp - START_TIMESTAMP) << TIMESTAMP_SHIFT)
            | (workerId << WORKER_ID_SHIFT)
            | sequence;
    }

    private long waitNextMillis(long currentTimestamp) {
        long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        while (timestamp <= currentTimestamp) {
            timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        }
        return timestamp;
    }

    // 转换为字符串订单号
    public String generateOrderId() {
        return "ORD" + generateId();
    }
}

public class OrderIdGenerator {
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;

    private static final String PREFIX = "ORD";

    public String generate() {
        // 日期部分：YYYYMMDD
        String date = LocalDate.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd"));

        // Redis Key：ORDER:ID:20251122
        String redisKey = "ORDER:ID:" + date;

        // 自增序列号
        Long sequence = redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(redisKey);

        // 设置过期时间：7天后过期
        if (sequence == 1) {
            redisTemplate.expire(redisKey, 7, TimeUnit.DAYS);
        }

        // 拼接订单号：ORD20251122000001
        return String.format("%s%s%06d", PREFIX, date, sequence);
    }
}

public class OrderIdValidator {
    // 订单号格式：ORD + 8位日期 + 6位序列号
    private static final Pattern PATTERN = Pattern.compile("^ORD\\d{8}\\d{6}$");

    public static boolean validate(String orderId) {
        if (orderId == null || orderId.isEmpty()) {
            return false;
        }

        // 格式校验
        if (!PATTERN.matcher(orderId).matches()) {
            return false;
        }

        // 日期校验
        String dateStr = orderId.substring(3, 11); // 提取日期部分
        try {
            LocalDate.parse(dateStr, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd"));
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

public enum OrderType {
    NORMAL("NORMAL", "普通订单"),
    PRESALE("PRESALE", "预售订单"),
    GIFT("GIFT", "赠品订单"),
    EXCHANGE("EXCHANGE", "换货订单"),
    RESEND("RESEND", "补发订单"),
    RETURN("RETURN", "退货订单"),
    GROUP_BUY("GROUP_BUY", "拼团订单"),
    FLASH_SALE("FLASH_SALE", "秒杀订单"),
    VIRTUAL("VIRTUAL", "虚拟商品订单"),
    CROSS_BORDER("CROSS_BORDER", "跨境订单"),
    B2B("B2B", "企业采购订单"),
    O2O("O2O", "O2O订单"),
    CUSTOMIZED("CUSTOMIZED", "定制订单"),
    INSTALLMENT("INSTALLMENT", "分期付款订单");

    private final String code;
    private final String description;

    OrderType(String code, String description) {
        this.code = code;
        this.description = description;
    }

    // Getter方法...
}